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2013年03月26日09:25 | 中国发展门户网 www.chinagate.cn | 给编辑写信 字号：T|T

（三）以保障和改善民生为重点，全面提高人民物质文化生活水平。2003年抗击突如其来的非典疫情给我们的重要启示之一，就是要统筹经济社会发展。这些年我们在发展经济的同时，更加重视保障改善民生和发展社会事业，政府工作力度之大、财政投入资金之多前所未有。经过不懈努力，我国经济社会发展的协调性明显增强。当前社会结构、社会组织形式、社会利益格局发生深刻变化，社会矛盾明显增多。我们必须把保障和改善民生作为政府一切工作的出发点和落脚点，放在更加突出的位置，着力加强社会建设。

千方百计扩大就业。坚持实施就业优先战略和更加积极的就业政策，通过稳定经济增长和调整经济结构增加就业岗位，加强职业技能培训，提高劳动者就业创业能力，加大投入和政策支持，完善就业服务体系，鼓励创业带动就业，做好重点人群就业工作，促进城乡居民收入持续稳定增长。

完善社会保障制度。坚持全覆盖、保基本、多层次、可持续方针，不断扩大社会保障覆盖面，提高统筹层次和保障水平，加强各项制度的完善和衔接，增强公平性，适应流动性，保证可持续性。今年企业退休人员基本养老金继续提高10%，城乡低保和优抚对象补助标准也进一步提高。要加大对社会养老服务体系和儿童福利机构建设的支持力度。

深化医药卫生事业改革发展。巩固完善基本药物制度和基层医疗卫生机构运行新机制，加快公立医院改革，鼓励社会办医。扶持中医药和民族医药事业发展。健全全民医保体系，建立重特大疾病保障和救助机制，全面开展儿童白血病等20种重大疾病保障试点工作。今年新农合和城镇居民基本医疗保险财政补助标准由每人每年240元提高到280元，人均基本公共卫生服务经费标准由25元提高到30元。

逐步完善人口政策。坚持计划生育基本国策，适应我国人口总量和结构变动趋势，统筹解决好人口数量、素质、结构和分布问题，促进人口长期均衡发展。重视发展老龄事业，切实保障妇女和未成年人权益，关心和支持残疾人事业。

加强和创新社会管理。改进政府提供公共服务方式，加强基层社会管理和服务体系建设，完善村民自治、城市居民自治制度，保证人民群众依法直接行使民主权利，管理基层公共事务和公益事业。改革社会组织管理体制，引导社会组织健康有序发展。建立健全维护群众权益机制，完善人民调解、行政调解、司法调解联动的工作体系，健全法律援助制度，推动涉法涉诉信访工作改革，畅通和规范群众诉求表达、利益协调、权益保障渠道，健全重大决策社会稳定风险评估和突发事件应急管理机制，维护社会公共安全，促进社会和谐稳定。食品药品安全是人们关注的突出问题，要改革和健全食品药品安全监管体制，加强综合协调联动，落实企业主体责任，严格从生产源头到消费的全程监管，加快形成符合国情、科学合理的食品药品安全体系，提升食品药品安全保障水平。强化公共安全体系和企业安全生产基础建设，遏制重特大安全事故。

加强房地产市场调控和保障性安居工程建设。坚决抑制投机、投资性需求，抓紧完善稳定房价工作责任制和房地产市场调控政策体系，健全房地产市场稳定健康发展长效机制。继续抓好保障性安居工程建设和管理，让老百姓住上放心房、满意房。今年城镇保障性住房基本建成470万套、新开工630万套，继续推进农村危房改造。

教育和科技在现代化建设中具有基础性、先导性、全局性作用，文化是民族的血脉和人民的精神家园，必须放在更加重要的战略位置。

继续推进教育优先发展。目前我国年度财政性教育经费支出总额已经超过2万亿元，今后还要继续增加，必须把这些钱用好，让人民满意。要进一步深化教育综合改革，切实解决社会普遍关注的重大问题。着力推动义务教育均衡发展，加快发展现代职业教育，提高各级各类教育质量，进一步促进教育公平，为国家发展提供强大的人力资源支撑。

深化科技体制改革。推动科技与经济紧密结合，着力构建以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研相结合的技术创新体系。瞄准关系全局和长远发展的战略必争领域，加强基础研究、前沿先导技术研究。健全科技资源开放共享机制，完善支持科技发展和成果应用转化的财税、金融、产业技术和人才政策，创造公平开放的创新环境，最大限度地调动广大科技工作者的积极性、主动性，激发全社会的创新活力。

扎实推进文化建设。把文化改革发展纳入经济社会发展总体规划，列入各级政府效能和领导干部政绩考核体系，推动文化事业全面繁荣、文化产业快速发展。政府要履行好发展公益性文化事业的责任，加快推进重点文化惠民工程，完善公共文化服务体系。广泛开展全民健身运动，促进群众体育和竞技体育全面发展。

大力加强社会公德、职业道德、家庭美德、个人品德教育。推动诚信体系建设，以政务诚信带动商务诚信和社会诚信，形成良好的社会风尚。

3. Giving high priority to ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and comprehensively improving their material and cultural lives

An important lesson we learned in our response to the sudden outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 is that economic development and social development need to be coordinated. In developing the economy in the years since then, we have placed greater importance on ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and developing social programs, and the government has made greater efforts and provided more funding in this area than ever before. These unremitting efforts have resulted in much better coordination of China's economic and social development. The structure of Chinese society, its forms of organization, and the pattern of interests in society have all undergone profound changes, and social problems have increased markedly. We must make ensuring and improving people's wellbeing the starting point and goal of all the government's work, give higher priority to it, and strive to strengthen social development.

We should do all we can to increase employment. We should persevere in implementing the strategy of giving top priority to employment and adopt a more proactive employment policy. We should create more jobs by maintaining stable economic growth and adjusting the economic structure and provide better vocational skills training to help people to find jobs or start their own businesses. We should increase government spending and policy support, improve the employment services system, stimulate employment by encouraging business startups, assist target groups in finding jobs, and stimulate sustained, steady increases in urban and rural incomes.

We should improve the social security system. We should continue to follow the policy of making coverage universal, ensuring basic care, and providing multilevel and sustainable social security. We should expand the coverage of social security, turn over the overall management of social security accounts to higher-level authorities, raise social security benefits, improve and coordinate all social security programs, make social security more equitable and sustainable, and facilitate the smooth transfer of social security accounts between localities. This year, basic old-age pensions for enterprise retirees should be raised by another 10%, and subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents and subsidies for entitled groups should also be further raised. Greater support should be given to developing child welfare agencies and the system of social services for the elderly.

We should advance reform and development of medical and health care services, consolidate and improve the system for using basic drugs and the new operating mechanisms of community-level medical and health care institutions, speed up the reform of public hospitals, and encourage nongovernmental bodies to operate hospitals. We should support development of traditional Chinese medicine and ethnic minority medicine. We should improve the universal medical insurance system, establish a mechanism to provide insurance and aid for treating major and very serious diseases, and conduct a pilot project to insure against 20 serious diseases. (Note: They are childhood leukemia, congenital heart disease in children, uremia, breast cancer, cervical cancer, holergasia, drug-resistant tuberculosis, opportunistic AIDS and HIV infection, lung cancer, esophagus cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, chronic myeloid leukemia, acute myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, hemophilia, type 1 diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and cheilopalatognathus.) This year, annual government subsidies for the new rural cooperative medical care system and basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents should be raised from 240 yuan to 280 yuan per person respectively, and the per person payment standard for basic public health services should be increased from 25 yuan to 30 yuan.

We should progressively improve the government population policy. We should adhere to the basic state policy on family planning. In response to changes in the size and structure of China's total population, we should comprehensively solve problems relating to the size, health, structure and geographical distribution of the population and promote long-term, balanced population development. We should boost the development of elderly services, protect the rights and interests of women and minors, and take an interest in and support programs that benefit people with disabilities.

We should strengthen and make innovations in social management. We should improve the way the government provides public services, strengthen the system of social management and services at the community level, and improve self-governance by villagers and urban residents, to ensure that the people directly exercise their democratic rights in accordance with the law by managing community-level public affairs and running public service programs. We should reform the management system for social organizations, and guide their sound and orderly development. We should establish a sound mechanism for safeguarding people's rights and interests; improve the integrated system of mediation by the people, administrative mediation and judicial mediation; strengthen the system of legal assistance; and carry out reform of the handling of people's complaints about legal and litigation-related issues. We should maintain open and regular channels for people to voice their demands, and we should coordinate the people's interests and protect their rights and interests. We should improve the mechanism for assessing potential risks major policy decisions may pose to social stability and the emergency response mechanism. The purpose of all this work is to preserve law and order and promote social harmony and stability.

Food and drug safety is a prominent issue of widespread concern. We should reform and improve mechanisms for overseeing and supervising food and drug safety and strengthen overall coordination. We should require enterprises to assume primary responsibility for safety, exercise strict oversight and supervision throughout the whole process from production to consumption, and move faster to establish a scientific and effective food and drug safety system that suits China's national conditions so as to better ensure food and drug safety. We should strengthen the public safety system and improve workplace safety conditions to prevent accidents, especially major and very serious ones.

We should tighten regulation of the real estate market and strengthen construction of government-subsidized housing. We need to firmly rein in speculative and investment-driven housing demand, promptly improve the accountability system for stabilizing housing prices and the policies for regulating the real estate market, and strengthen mechanisms for sustaining its steady and sound development. We should continue to build and manage government-subsidized housing for the people so they have housing they are satisfied with. This year, 4.7 million government-subsidized urban housing units should be basically completed, construction of another 6.3 million units should begin, and renovation of dilapidated rural houses should continue.

Education, science and technology play a fundamental, guiding and global role in the country's modernization drive, and culture is essential for the long-term vitality of a nation and gives the people a sense of belonging. They must therefore occupy a position of greater strategic importance.

We should continue to give top priority to developing education. China's annual government expenditures on education already exceed two trillion yuan and should continue to increase. We must make good use of such funding to the satisfaction of the people. We need to deepen comprehensive education reform and effectively solve major issues of public concern. We should boost balanced development of compulsory education, accelerate development of modern vocational education and raise the quality of education of all types and at all levels. This should help make education more equitable and provide strong human resources support for China's development.

We should deepen reform of the management system for science and technology. We should integrate science and technology more closely with the economy, and establish a technological innovation system that is based on enterprises, guided by the market, and integrates enterprises, universities and research institutes. We should focus on priority areas of strategic importance that are vital to China's overall and long-term development, and strengthen basic research and research on frontier and leading technologies. We should improve the mechanism for openly sharing scientific and technological resources and the fiscal, taxation, banking, industrial technology and personnel policies that support scientific and technological development and industrial application of scientific and technological advances, create a fair and open environment for making innovations, keep scientists and technicians fully motivated, and unleash the creativity of the whole society.

We should effectively advance development of the cultural sector. We should incorporate reform and development of the cultural sector into general plans for economic and social development, and include them in the system for evaluating the performance of governments and officials at all levels so as to promote all-around cultural prosperity and fast development of the cultural sector. The government needs to fulfill its responsibility to develop nonprofit cultural programs, accelerate key cultural projects for the people, and improve the system of public cultural services. We should extensively carry out public fitness activities and promote comprehensive development of both recreational and competitive sports.

We should greatly increase education in public morality, professional ethics, family virtues, and personal integrity. We should promote a creditability system, use political integrity to improve business and public integrity, and foster healthy social conduct.

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