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中国发展门户网讯 同济大学近日与联合国环境署官员一同考察了柬埔寨的污水处理现状,完成了《柬埔寨污水处理技术需求调研报告》,梳理了柬埔寨对市政排水管网等设施和技术的需求。
柬埔寨国内的工业体系以轻工业为主,尤其是成衣制造业占据较大份额。据柬埔寨中国制衣商会介绍,柬埔寨现有制衣厂有550家,其中成衣水洗厂约60家,中资和港台企业约占总数的70%。
纺织品经过纺纱、染整、制衣多道工序的加工处理后一般都要经过洗水处理,以达到去污、防缩、加柔、去毛或某些特殊的视觉效果,使成衣的综合性能更接近于常态,颜色更为自然。因此,洗衣废水中含有少量的纤维屑以及大量的染料、浆料和洗衣时投加的化学助剂(洗涤剂、柔软剂)等,如果不经处理直接排放将给水体带来严重的污染以及水体色度的增加。
随着社会发展程度的不断提高,柬埔寨政府和民众对环境问题,尤其是水体污染问题日趋重视,立法不断完善,监管更加严格,强制要求企业必须对成产废水进行处理(表1)。因此,许多水洗企业原有的简易过滤装置已经不能满足现行的水质排放标准,迫切需要引进先进技术设备处理水洗废水。
表 1柬埔寨工业废水排放标准
No |
Parameters(项目) |
Unit (单位) |
Allowable limits for pollutant substance discharging to(限值) |
|
Protected public water area |
Public water area and sewer |
|||
1 |
Temperature |
0C |
< 45 |
< 45 |
2 |
pH |
|
6 – 9 |
5 - 9 |
3 |
BOD5 ( 5 days at 200 C ) |
mg/l |
< 30 |
< 80 |
4 |
COD |
mg/l |
< 50 |
< 100 |
5 |
Total Suspended Solids |
mg/l |
< 50 |
< 80 |
6 |
Total Dissolved Solids |
mg/l |
< 1000 |
< 2000 |
7 |
Grease and Oil |
mg/l |
< 5.0 |
< 15 |
8 |
Detergents |
mg/l |
< 5.0 |
< 15 |
9 |
Phenols |
mg/l |
< 0.1 |
< 1.2 |
10 |
Nitrate (NO3 ) |
mg/l |
< 10 |
< 20 |
11 |
Chlorine ( free ) |
mg/l |
< 1.0 |
< 2.0 |
12 |
Chloride ( ion ) |
mg/l |
< 500 |
< 700 |
13 |
Sulphate ( as SO4 ) |
mg/l |
< 300 |
< 500 |
14 |
Sulphide ( as Sulphur ) |
mg/l |
< 0.2 |
< 1.0 |
15 |
Phosphate ( PO4 ) |
mg/l |
< 3.0 |
< 6.0 |
16 |
Cyanide ( CN ) |
mg/l |
< 0.2 |
< 1.5 |
17 |
Barium ( Ba ) |
mg/l |
< 4.0 |
< 7.0 |
18 |
Arsenic ( As ) |
mg/l |
< 0.10 |
< 1.0 |
19 |
Tin ( Sn ) |
mg/l |
< 2.0 |
< 8.0 |
20 |
Iron ( Fe ) |
mg/l |
< 1.0 |
< 20 |
21 |
Boron ( B ) |
mg/l |
< 1.0 |
< 5.0 |
22 |
Manganese ( Mn ) |
mg/l |
< 1.0 |
< 5.0 |
23 |
Cadmium ( Cd ) |
mg/l |
< 0.1 |
< 0.5 |
24 |
Chromium ( Cr )+3 |
mg/l |
< 0.2 |
< 1.0 |
25 |
Chromium ( Cr )+6 |
mg/l |
< 0.05 |
< 0.5 |
26 |
Copper ( Cu ) |
mg/l |
< 0.2 |
< 1.0 |
27 |
Lead ( Pb ) |
mg/l |
< 0.1 |
< 1.0 |
28 |
Mercury (Hg ) |
mg/l |
< 0.002 |
< 0.05 |
29 |
Nickel ( Ni ) |
mg/l |
< 0.2 |
< 1.0 |
30 |
Selenium ( Se ) |
mg/l |
< 0.05 |
< 0.5 |
31 |
Silver ( Ag ) |
mg/l |
< 0.1 |
< 0.5 |
32 |
Zinc ( Zn ) |
mg/l |
< 1.0 |
< 3.0 |
33 |
Molybdenum ( Mo ) |
mg/l |
< 0.1 |
< 1.0 |
34 |
Ammonia ( NH3 ) |
mg/l |
< 5.0 |
< 7.0 |
35 |
DO |
mg/l |
> 2.0 |
> 1.0 |
36 |
Polychlorinated Biphenyl |
mg/l |
< 0.003 |
< 0.003 |
37 |
Calcium |
mg/l |
< 150 |
< 200 |
38 |
Magnesium |
mg/l |
< 150 |
< 200 |
39 |
Carbon tetrachloride |
mg/l |
< 3 |
< 3 |
40 |
Hexachloro benzene |
mg/l |
< 2 |
< 2 |
41 |
DTT |
mg/l |
< 1.3 |
< 1.3 |
42 |
Endrin |
mg/l |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
43 |
Dieldrin |
mg/l |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
44 |
Aldrin |
mg/l |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
45 |
Isodrin |
mg/l |
< 0.01 |
< 0.01 |
46 |
Perchloro ethylene |
mg/l |
< 2.5 |
< 2.5 |
47 |
Hexachloro butadiene |
mg/l |
< 3 |
< 3 |
48 |
Chloroform |
mg/l |
< 1 |
< 1 |
49 |
1,2 Dichloro ethylene |
mg/l |
< 2.5 |
< 2.5 |
50 |
Trichloro ethylene |
mg/l |
< 1 |
< 1 |
51 |
Trichloro benzene |
mg/l |
< 2 |
< 2 |
52 |
Hexaxhloro cyclohexene |
mg/l |
< 2 |
< 2 |